Basic Education Curriculum Concepts Flashcards

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Basic Education Curriculum

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A structured framework for primary schooling that defines objectives, competencies, evaluation criteria, and essential knowledge. It guides teaching and learning while allowing flexibility to adapt to students' needs and the local socio-cultural context.

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Piaget

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Jean Piaget's theory describes stages of cognitive development, emphasizing how children construct knowledge through interaction with their environment. His work explains transitions such as moving from egocentrism to logical thinking between ages 6 and 12.

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Vygotsky

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Lev Vygotsky highlighted the social nature of learning, introducing concepts like the Zone of Proximal Development and the importance of guided interaction. He emphasized collaboration, language, and cultural tools as drivers of cognitive development.

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Ausubel

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David Ausubel focused on meaningful learning and the role of prior knowledge in acquiring new information. He argued that teachers should connect new content to students' existing cognitive structures using advance organizers and structured presentations.

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Cognitive Development

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The progressive changes in thinking, reasoning, and understanding that occur as children grow. In primary education, it includes gains in logical operations, perspective-taking, memory, and problem-solving abilities.

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Ages 6-12

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A critical period in Basic Education marked by rapid cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional changes. Students move from pre-operational to concrete-operational thought, refine motor skills, and develop stronger peer relationships and self-concept.

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Physical Development

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Changes in bodily growth, coordination, and health that occur during childhood. In schools this includes attention to motor skills, nutrition, physical activity, and adapting environments to support healthy growth.

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Motor Development

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The acquisition and refinement of gross and fine motor skills, such as running, writing, and manipulating objects. Effective schooling provides activities and support to promote coordination, dexterity, and physical confidence.

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Socio-emotional Development

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Progress in emotional regulation, self-awareness, empathy, and relationship skills. Schools foster these through social activities, conflict resolution, identity work, and supportive teacher-student interactions.

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Attachment

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A lasting emotional bond between a child and caregivers that influences security, exploration, and relational patterns. Secure attachment supports socio-emotional adjustment and learning readiness in school settings.

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Identity Formation

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The evolving sense of self, including personal values, interests, and social roles that children develop across primary education. Schools contribute by offering opportunities for self-expression, reflection, and diverse social experiences.

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Inclusive Education

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An approach ensuring all students, regardless of background or abilities, can access meaningful learning and participation. It requires adaptable teaching, reasonable adjustments, and a school culture that values diversity.

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Active Learning

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Instructional methods that engage students directly in constructing knowledge through tasks, collaboration, and inquiry. Active learning promotes deeper understanding, motivation, and transferable skills like problem-solving and critical thinking.

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Family Collaboration

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Ongoing partnership between educators and families to support students' learning and well-being. Effective collaboration involves communication, shared goals, and joint participation in planning and follow-up actions.

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Critical Thinking

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The ability to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and reason logically to form justified conclusions. The curriculum fosters it through activities that require reflection, evidence-based reasoning, and multiple perspectives.

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Autonomy

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Students' capacity to take responsibility for their learning, make informed choices, and regulate behaviors. Schools nurture autonomy by scaffolding decision-making, offering meaningful tasks, and promoting self-assessment.

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Social Integration

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The process by which students develop inclusive relationships and participate fully in school life. Curriculum and school policies aim to reduce exclusion, promote equity, and build a sense of belonging among diverse learners.

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Cultural Competence

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Knowledge and skills that enable students to understand, appreciate, and interact respectfully with diverse cultural expressions. Curriculum content in arts, history, and languages supports cultural literacy and intercultural dialogue.

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Healthy Habits

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Practices related to nutrition, hygiene, sleep, and physical activity that support overall wellbeing and learning capacity. Schools promote these through health education, routines, and supportive environments.

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Responsible Citizenship

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The development of civic values, social responsibility, and participation in community life. Educational activities encourage knowledge of rights and duties, ethical behavior, and engagement in collective decision-making.

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Educational Project

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A collective school document that states the institution's values, objectives, curricular organization, and strategies tailored to its context. It coordinates stakeholders' roles and serves as a reference for the school's annual improvement efforts.

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Curriculum Framework

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An organizational structure that links objectives, basic competencies, learning outcomes, evaluation criteria, and essential knowledge. It provides coherence across subjects and levels while permitting local adaptation and pedagogical flexibility.

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Competencies

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Integrated sets of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values enabling students to perform effectively in real-life situations. The curriculum defines basic and subject-specific competencies to guide teaching, assessment, and progression.

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Universal Design for Learning

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A framework for designing inclusive educational experiences that provide multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression. UDL reduces barriers to learning by proactively anticipating diverse learner needs and offering flexible options.

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Teaching Coordination

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Organized collaboration among teachers conducted horizontally (same level) and vertically (across levels) to ensure curricular coherence and continuity. Coordination involves planning, assessment alignment, and shared strategies for student support.

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Professional Development

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Ongoing training and reflective practice for educators to update pedagogical knowledge, adapt to legal frameworks, and meet diverse student needs. Continuous development is essential for improving instruction and implementing curriculum innovations.

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Tutoring

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A statutory guidance function in primary education where tutors steer students' academic and personal development through ongoing advice and coordination. Tutoring involves liaison with families and teachers and focuses on competencies like learning-to-learn and social skills.

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Tutoring Plan

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A structured program organizing tutoring activities, objectives, timelines, and evaluation criteria to support each student's development. It specifies actions for students, teachers, and families and outlines how progress will be monitored and assessed.

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Tutoring Activities

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Practical actions carried out by tutors including individual conversations, group sessions, conflict mediation, coordination with teachers, and engagement with families and community services. These activities aim to support academic orientation, personal growth, and social relationships.

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Four Learning Areas

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A set of tutoring focus areas: learning knowledge, learning to act, learning to coexist, and learning to be. These domains, aligned with UNESCO principles, foster cognitive skills, practical agency, social competence, and personal identity.

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Diversity Response Plan

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The school's Aniztasunari Erantzuteko Plan (AEP) that coordinates measures, strategies, and activities to address learner diversity and promote inclusion. It integrates with other institutional plans and is embedded in annual and improvement planning to respond to real school needs.

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Hezkidetza Integration

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The incorporation of gender equality and equity principles (Hezkidetza) into school planning and practice. It ensures that policies and activities promote equal opportunities and challenge stereotypes across the curriculum and school culture.

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Bizikidetza Plan

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A school plan focused on coexistence and peaceful relationships (Bizikidetza) that promotes conflict resolution, respect, and a positive school climate. It works alongside other plans to create a safe and inclusive learning environment.

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Inclusive Strategies

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Teaching approaches such as verbal scaffolding, visual supports, non-verbal cues, observational learning, and cooperative models that make learning accessible. These strategies are selected based on student needs and incorporated into lesson design.

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Methodological Measures

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Pedagogical decisions and adaptations (e.g., grouping, materials, assessment) linked to curricular elements to meet diverse learners' needs. These measures must be planned, coordinated, and evaluated to ensure coherence and effectiveness.

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Special Educational Needs

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Students who require tailored support due to learning, developmental, sensory, or other conditions that affect access to the general curriculum. Schools provide individualized adjustments, specialized resources, and coordinated interventions to promote learning and inclusion.

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Collaborative Teaching Models

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Instructional arrangements where teachers work together (e.g., team teaching, co-teaching, peer support) to provide differentiated instruction and inclusive practices. These models enhance capacity to address diverse needs and promote shared professional responsibility.

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Legal Frameworks

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Key laws and decrees guiding education in the Basque Autonomous Community, notably the 3/2020 Organic Law (LOMLOE), the 77/2023 decree, and Royal Decree 157/2022 on primary education. These instruments define curricular requirements, tutoring obligations, and organizational norms for schools.

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Assessment Criteria

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Defined standards and indicators used to evaluate student learning, guide feedback, and inform curricular adjustments. Effective criteria align with competencies and learning outcomes while accommodating diverse demonstration methods.

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Community Involvement

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Active participation of families, social agents, and local institutions in school life to support student development and enhance educational relevance. Strong community links contribute resources, continuity of learning, and collective responsibility for inclusion.